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Le climat de la France
Explorez l'histoire du climat français grâce aux archives complètes des observations météorologiques réalisées par les scientifiques, météorologues et passionnés depuis la fin du 18ème siècle. Celles-ci sont principalement le fruit des collectes organisées par le Bureau central de météorologie (1878-1921), puis l’Office national météorologique (1921-1945), puis la Direction de la météorologie nationale (1945-1993), et enfin par Météo-France. Elles sont accompagnées de séries de données issues de réseaux complémentaires, et notamment des stations du réseau Keraunos.
Janvier | Février | Mars | Avril | Mai | Juin | Juillet | Août | Septembre | Octobre | Novembre | Décembre | Année | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1944 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -9.8°C | -- |
1945 | -17.6°C | -0.6°C | -1.0°C | 0.0°C | -0.8°C | 6.0°C | 7.7°C | 7.6°C | 6.2°C | 2.5°C | -3.2°C | -9.3°C | -17.6°C |
1946 | -8.0°C | -1.9°C | -2.7°C | -1.8°C | 0.2°C | 6.1°C | 7.8°C | 6.8°C | 5.8°C | -3.4°C | -0.7°C | -12.3°C | -12.3°C |
1947 | -13.1°C | -10.1°C | -7.0°C | -0.2°C | 4.4°C | 5.9°C | 7.0°C | 9.4°C | 5.4°C | -1.9°C | -2.0°C | -3.4°C | -13.1°C |
1948 | -1.1°C | -9.6°C | -2.6°C | 0.1°C | 2.0°C | 5.2°C | 4.4°C | 6.6°C | 1.2°C | -1.8°C | -7.2°C | -10.0°C | -10.0°C |
1949 | -2.1°C | -6.0°C | -5.3°C | -0.9°C | 0.1°C | 1.8°C | 4.0°C | 7.6°C | 9.4°C | -2.8°C | -3.4°C | -2.2°C | -6.0°C |
1950 | -9.9°C | -2.4°C | -3.5°C | -1.0°C | 1.6°C | 5.4°C | 8.7°C | 9.1°C | 5.8°C | -4.4°C | -1.0°C | -14.0°C | -14.0°C |
1951 | -1.6°C | -1.6°C | -2.8°C | -0.8°C | 2.5°C | 4.8°C | 6.6°C | 8.4°C | 4.0°C | 0.0°C | 0.6°C | -4.2°C | -4.2°C |
1952 | -12.3°C | -4.7°C | -2.0°C | -0.6°C | 2.3°C | 4.0°C | 6.7°C | 8.4°C | 1.8°C | -1.0°C | -4.6°C | -7.0°C | -12.3°C |
1953 | -5.9°C | -11.3°C | -2.9°C | 0.0°C | 1.8°C | 5.4°C | 8.9°C | 8.5°C | 5.4°C | 1.4°C | -0.8°C | -1.8°C | -11.3°C |
1954 | -11.2°C | -13.4°C | -0.6°C | -0.5°C | 2.2°C | 4.1°C | 4.3°C | 7.2°C | 2.8°C | 1.4°C | -3.0°C | -1.6°C | -13.4°C |
1955 | -5.9°C | -9.5°C | -7.1°C | -2.7°C | -0.5°C | 2.1°C | 6.6°C | 6.1°C | 5.4°C | -1.6°C | -5.5°C | -3.9°C | -9.5°C |
1956 | -7.3°C | -17.8°C | -4.8°C | -2.9°C | 1.4°C | 5.4°C | 8.3°C | 3.9°C | 7.5°C | 2.0°C | -7.6°C | -4.3°C | -17.8°C |
1957 | -4.6°C | -5.3°C | -0.1°C | -1.5°C | -1.0°C | 5.6°C | 8.2°C | 7.1°C | 4.8°C | 1.4°C | -1.9°C | -6.6°C | -6.6°C |
1958 | -4.7°C | -4.5°C | -8.7°C | -3.0°C | 1.2°C | 5.4°C | 7.8°C | 8.3°C | 4.1°C | 3.7°C | -2.4°C | -5.2°C | -8.7°C |
1959 | -5.0°C | -5.6°C | -1.6°C | -1.2°C | 1.2°C | 5.1°C | 5.4°C | 7.9°C | 4.0°C | 1.3°C | -2.2°C | -0.6°C | -5.6°C |
1960 | -10.6°C | -4.3°C | -2.4°C | -0.8°C | -0.3°C | 5.4°C | 5.6°C | 7.6°C | 2.6°C | 0.0°C | 0.4°C | -2.4°C | -10.6°C |
1961 | -7.0°C | -1.1°C | -1.0°C | 3.5°C | -0.5°C | 4.6°C | 7.2°C | 6.8°C | 7.6°C | 1.8°C | -1.6°C | -9.9°C | -9.9°C |
1962 | -5.0°C | -5.6°C | -4.9°C | 0.1°C | -0.3°C | 0.0°C | 5.8°C | 5.8°C | 2.4°C | -0.1°C | -5.8°C | -9.7°C | -9.7°C |
1963 | -16.0°C | -12.5°C | -6.4°C | -0.4°C | 0.6°C | 7.2°C | 6.6°C | 4.8°C | 4.7°C | 1.8°C | -1.6°C | -11.9°C | -16.0°C |
1964 | -9.4°C | -6.7°C | -6.0°C | 0.0°C | 3.0°C | 4.4°C | 3.4°C | 5.2°C | 3.3°C | -1.2°C | -2.8°C | -17.3°C | -17.3°C |
1965 | -7.9°C | -5.6°C | -6.9°C | -1.6°C | 1.2°C | 6.3°C | 4.3°C | 6.4°C | 4.4°C | -1.4°C | -7.3°C | -4.6°C | -7.9°C |
1966 | -16.6°C | -2.9°C | -1.8°C | -2.4°C | 2.2°C | 6.8°C | 5.4°C | 4.8°C | 5.0°C | -0.4°C | -3.3°C | -4.9°C | -16.6°C |
1967 | -8.2°C | -4.8°C | -0.9°C | -2.2°C | -2.3°C | 3.5°C | 5.8°C | 6.9°C | 3.4°C | -0.1°C | -4.7°C | -12.0°C | -12.0°C |
1968 | -11.3°C | -4.8°C | -3.8°C | -4.7°C | -0.1°C | 5.2°C | 5.2°C | 5.9°C | 5.8°C | 3.0°C | -4.3°C | -10.9°C | -11.3°C |
1969 | -5.8°C | -9.3°C | -3.2°C | -3.0°C | 2.3°C | 3.8°C | 5.1°C | 8.0°C | 2.0°C | 1.3°C | -3.0°C | -10.0°C | -10.0°C |
1970 | -7.3°C | -6.0°C | -8.8°C | -1.7°C | 1.8°C | 6.7°C | 6.8°C | 6.0°C | 6.9°C | 0.3°C | -0.6°C | -9.8°C | -9.8°C |
1971 | -17.0°C | -2.8°C | -8.5°C | -0.3°C | 3.2°C | 4.8°C | 5.0°C | 8.1°C | 1.7°C | -1.9°C | -2.8°C | -2.0°C | -17.0°C |
1972 | -9.0°C | -5.0°C | -3.7°C | 1.0°C | 2.4°C | 2.7°C | 7.0°C | 5.7°C | 3.1°C | -0.3°C | -0.5°C | -4.9°C | -9.0°C |
1973 | -5.7°C | -2.9°C | -3.2°C | -1.5°C | 0.0°C | 4.5°C | 8.4°C | 6.0°C | 4.5°C | -0.8°C | -3.9°C | -9.2°C | -9.2°C |
1974 | -3.5°C | -3.2°C | -1.7°C | 0.5°C | 2.5°C | 5.8°C | 6.9°C | 4.9°C | 3.2°C | -0.9°C | -0.9°C | 0.4°C | -3.5°C |
1975 | 0.5°C | -2.5°C | -1.4°C | -1.3°C | 1.2°C | 1.6°C | 4.4°C | 9.9°C | 7.2°C | -0.2°C | -4.0°C | -6.6°C | -6.6°C |
1976 | -8.0°C | -7.4°C | -5.9°C | -1.7°C | 0.4°C | 4.5°C | 7.6°C | 6.8°C | 7.3°C | 0.7°C | -1.3°C | -9.8°C | -9.8°C |
1977 | -4.4°C | -4.0°C | -3.5°C | -2.0°C | 0.4°C | 6.4°C | 5.9°C | 7.0°C | 3.3°C | 1.8°C | -4.5°C | -4.4°C | -4.5°C |
1978 | -2.7°C | -7.3°C | -2.6°C | -1.8°C | 4.9°C | 5.4°C | 7.5°C | 4.5°C | 4.0°C | 0.8°C | -7.2°C | -12.4°C | -12.4°C |
1979 | -16.4°C | -5.9°C | -1.9°C | -1.1°C | -0.4°C | 6.4°C | 6.5°C | 5.7°C | 1.2°C | -0.1°C | -1.8°C | -1.5°C | -16.4°C |
1980 | -8.8°C | -1.2°C | -2.8°C | 0.5°C | 3.1°C | 6.9°C | 6.6°C | 6.0°C | 6.6°C | 0.1°C | -4.9°C | -6.4°C | -8.8°C |
1981 | -3.7°C | -5.5°C | 0.0°C | -2.0°C | -1.0°C | 6.6°C | 6.9°C | 6.3°C | 5.2°C | 0.6°C | -3.3°C | -7.0°C | -7.0°C |
1982 | -19.5°C | -4.2°C | -2.5°C | -1.0°C | 0.4°C | 5.4°C | 7.6°C | 5.6°C | 5.5°C | 3.7°C | 0.3°C | -2.8°C | -19.5°C |
1983 | -3.7°C | -9.1°C | -1.0°C | -0.5°C | 3.9°C | 7.2°C | 8.6°C | 9.2°C | 6.0°C | -3.5°C | -7.8°C | -5.3°C | -9.1°C |
1984 | -2.9°C | -5.8°C | -2.4°C | -0.9°C | 1.3°C | 4.8°C | 4.6°C | 9.3°C | 4.7°C | 1.5°C | -0.5°C | -1.5°C | -5.8°C |
1985 | -19.0°C | -11.4°C | -3.1°C | -1.0°C | 5.6°C | 5.8°C | 8.5°C | 7.2°C | 5.9°C | -3.0°C | -4.9°C | -10.3°C | -19.0°C |
1986 | -6.5°C | -11.1°C | -6.4°C | -2.3°C | 2.3°C | 5.4°C | 7.6°C | 5.6°C | 3.1°C | 2.7°C | -2.1°C | -1.8°C | -11.1°C |
1987 | -13.3°C | -7.8°C | -5.3°C | 0.7°C | 2.2°C | 6.1°C | 6.8°C | 7.0°C | 4.6°C | 0.8°C | -2.0°C | -8.0°C | -13.3°C |
1988 | -0.8°C | -0.9°C | -1.2°C | -2.2°C | 2.6°C | 6.6°C | 8.6°C | 7.6°C | 5.2°C | -1.1°C | -6.6°C | 0.4°C | -6.6°C |
1989 | -2.7°C | -2.2°C | -1.9°C | -0.9°C | 4.4°C | 3.1°C | 9.2°C | 8.3°C | 6.4°C | 3.7°C | -5.7°C | -8.6°C | -8.6°C |
1990 | -1.0°C | 0.4°C | 0.3°C | -2.5°C | 4.5°C | 6.0°C | 7.0°C | 8.6°C | 4.3°C | 2.6°C | -1.8°C | -3.2°C | -3.2°C |
1991 | -4.8°C | -12.7°C | -0.7°C | -1.8°C | 1.2°C | 3.1°C | 10.1°C | 8.9°C | 5.5°C | 0.6°C | -1.6°C | -6.9°C | -12.7°C |
1992 | -8.2°C | -4.2°C | 0.9°C | -0.1°C | 3.3°C | 7.8°C | 11.0°C | 10.0°C | 5.3°C | -0.9°C | -0.9°C | -6.4°C | -8.2°C |
1993 | -8.8°C | -4.6°C | -3.1°C | 1.1°C | 4.9°C | 7.3°C | 7.9°C | 7.0°C | 4.5°C | 0.2°C | -6.2°C | -1.0°C | -8.8°C |
1994 | -0.8°C | -6.9°C | -1.6°C | 0.3°C | 3.4°C | 5.8°C | 9.5°C | 7.4°C | 6.6°C | -0.7°C | 2.7°C | -4.8°C | -6.9°C |
1995 | -4.7°C | -0.9°C | -1.7°C | -0.5°C | 0.3°C | 5.3°C | 9.4°C | 10.7°C | 4.6°C | 1.3°C | -4.1°C | -7.0°C | -7.0°C |
1996 | -7.6°C | -7.3°C | -4.4°C | -2.4°C | 0.3°C | 6.6°C | 6.7°C | 7.7°C | 4.9°C | 3.6°C | -2.1°C | -10.9°C | -10.9°C |
1997 | -12.5°C | -1.4°C | -0.2°C | -0.2°C | 0.2°C | 8.8°C | 9.4°C | 12.7°C | 5.7°C | -3.4°C | -1.9°C | -3.5°C | -12.5°C |
1998 | -6.1°C | -7.5°C | -1.4°C | 0.1°C | 3.8°C | 7.2°C | 8.9°C | 7.5°C | 6.7°C | 2.1°C | -7.8°C | -2.5°C | -7.8°C |
1999 | -3.1°C | -6.1°C | 0.0°C | -0.2°C | 5.2°C | 6.8°C | 9.3°C | 9.8°C | 9.0°C | 1.8°C | -3.9°C | -4.6°C | -6.1°C |
2000 | -4.6°C | -1.5°C | -0.9°C | -0.1°C | 6.0°C | 6.8°C | 6.8°C | 9.6°C | 7.5°C | 4.2°C | 1.8°C | -2.5°C | -4.6°C |
2001 | -4.9°C | -4.5°C | -1.0°C | -0.5°C | 4.7°C | 2.0°C | 9.2°C | 10.6°C | 6.5°C | 7.4°C | -1.2°C | -7.6°C | -7.6°C |
2002 | -6.8°C | -1.9°C | -0.4°C | 0.9°C | 3.1°C | 8.9°C | 10.3°C | 10.8°C | 6.4°C | 2.3°C | 2.1°C | -5.0°C | -6.8°C |
2003 | -7.9°C | -9.9°C | -0.5°C | -2.5°C | 3.6°C | 10.2°C | 11.3°C | 9.6°C | 5.4°C | -3.4°C | -0.8°C | -5.0°C | -9.9°C |
2004 | -10.6°C | -2.6°C | -2.0°C | 0.1°C | 3.4°C | 8.9°C | 9.6°C | 10.2°C | 6.8°C | 4.2°C | -1.1°C | -4.9°C | -10.6°C |
2005 | -3.0°C | -6.3°C | -7.4°C | 0.5°C | 1.9°C | 5.8°C | 10.1°C | 8.0°C | 5.4°C | 4.7°C | -2.2°C | -5.0°C | -7.4°C |
2006 | -6.3°C | -4.5°C | -5.0°C | -0.5°C | 5.2°C | 4.0°C | 12.9°C | 10.6°C | 8.3°C | 5.7°C | 0.5°C | -2.0°C | -6.3°C |
2007 | -3.8°C | -2.9°C | 0.4°C | 3.2°C | 3.8°C | 8.3°C | 8.6°C | 8.7°C | 6.4°C | 0.4°C | -2.2°C | -6.0°C | -6.0°C |
2008 | -2.4°C | -3.3°C | -2.3°C | -1.1°C | 5.1°C | 6.6°C | 8.4°C | 8.9°C | 5.7°C | -0.4°C | -1.8°C | -6.4°C | -6.4°C |
2009 | -11.0°C | -4.5°C | -1.5°C | 3.4°C | 3.7°C | 6.4°C | 9.5°C | 8.5°C | 6.5°C | 1.3°C | 3.0°C | -7.7°C | -11.0°C |
2010 | -8.5°C | -6.6°C | -3.7°C | 1.3°C | 1.9°C | 7.8°C | 9.2°C | 7.7°C | 6.7°C | -0.5°C | -4.3°C | -10.2°C | -10.2°C |
2011 | -4.5°C | -4.2°C | -1.9°C | 2.8°C | 4.3°C | 4.9°C | 7.9°C | 6.9°C | 7.6°C | 0.3°C | -2.7°C | -1.1°C | -4.5°C |
2012 | -3.4°C | -11.8°C | -0.5°C | -0.5°C | 3.4°C | 4.3°C | 9.2°C | 9.5°C | 4.3°C | -0.5°C | 1.1°C | -5.1°C | -11.8°C |
2013 | -13.4°C | -4.5°C | -10.5°C | -3.2°C | 3.5°C | 7.1°C | 9.6°C | 10.2°C | 6.3°C | 3.5°C | -0.6°C | -2.7°C | -13.4°C |
2014 | -1.7°C | 0.6°C | -0.6°C | 2.9°C | 2.2°C | 8.2°C | 10.1°C | 7.5°C | 7.1°C | 6.8°C | 1.0°C | -4.5°C | -4.5°C |
2015 | -3.2°C | -3.5°C | -1.5°C | -0.1°C | 3.6°C | 6.6°C | 7.4°C | 8.7°C | 6.1°C | 1.4°C | -2.4°C | 3.2°C | -3.5°C |
2016 | -4.3°C | -4.2°C | -2.1°C | -0.3°C | 2.4°C | 9.8°C | 10.3°C | 9.5°C | 7.0°C | 2.3°C | -5.1°C | -4.8°C | -5.1°C |
2017 | -5.9°C | -2.3°C | 2.0°C | -1.8°C | 3.3°C | 8.9°C | 8.3°C | 9.0°C | 5.0°C | 3.8°C | -1.3°C | -4.2°C | -5.9°C |
2018 | 0.0°C | -7.7°C | -5.8°C | 2.2°C | 3.1°C | 6.5°C | 11.4°C | 9.1°C | 2.9°C | 1.3°C | -1.8°C | -4.0°C | -7.7°C |
2019 | -7.4°C | -1.5°C | 0.0°C | -0.6°C | 2.5°C | 7.5°C | 9.8°C | 9.1°C | 5.2°C | 1.8°C | -1.6°C | -3.6°C | -7.4°C |
2020 | -2.2°C | -0.7°C | -0.4°C | -0.3°C | 3.1°C | 5.5°C | 9.2°C | 10.0°C | 8.2°C | 4.0°C | -0.7°C | -1.7°C | -2.2°C |
2021 | -3.1°C | -7.0°C | -1.0°C | -1.8°C | 0.7°C | 8.8°C | 11.0°C | 9.8°C | 5.4°C | 2.5°C | -0.6°C | -3.7°C | -7.0°C |
2022 | -2.8°C | -1.5°C | -2.7°C | -1.5°C | 2.7°C | 6.6°C | 9.6°C | 10.0°C | 4.7°C | 2.3°C | 0.1°C | -7.8°C | -7.8°C |
2023 | -3.4°C | -4.0°C | -2.0°C | -0.5°C | 4.5°C | 10.4°C | 10.1°C | 10.2°C | 7.5°C | 1.3°C | 1.5°C | -5.6°C | -5.6°C |
2024 | -8.2°C | 1.3°C | 1.1°C | 0.9°C | 4.8°C | 6.0°C | 9.8°C | 10.7°C | 3.5°C | 4.5°C | -1.7°C | -3.2°C | -8.2°C |
2025 | -5.9°C | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Max | 0.5°C (28 janv. 1975) |
1.3°C (28 fév. 2024) |
2.0°C (22 mars 2017) |
3.5°C (25 avril 1961) |
6.0°C (20 mai 2000) |
10.4°C (30 juin 2023) |
12.9°C (31 juil. 2006) |
12.7°C (31 août 1997) |
9.4°C (18 sept. 1949) |
7.4°C (29 oct. 2001) |
3.0°C (08 nov. 2009) |
3.2°C (09 déc. 2015) |
-2.2°C (21 janv. 2020) |
Min | -19.5°C (14 janv. 1982) |
-17.8°C (21 fév. 1956) |
-10.5°C (13 mars 2013) |
-4.7°C (09 avril 1968) |
-2.3°C (03 mai 1967) |
0.0°C (02 juin 1962) |
3.4°C (05 juil. 1964) |
3.9°C (31 août 1956) |
1.2°C (22 sept. 1948) |
-4.4°C (28 oct. 1950) |
-7.8°C (15 nov. 1983) |
-17.3°C (29 déc. 1964) |
-19.5°C (14 janv. 1982) |
Moy. 10 ans (2014 - 2023) |
-3.4°C | -3.2°C | -1.4°C | -0.2°C | 2.8°C | 7.9°C | 9.7°C | 9.3°C | 5.9°C | 2.8°C | -1.1°C | -3.7°C | -5.7°C |
Norm. (1991 - 2020) |
-5.7°C | -4.7°C | -1.9°C | 0.1°C | 3.2°C | 6.8°C | 9.4°C | 9.1°C | 6.1°C | 1.8°C | -1.5°C | -4.6°C | -7.8°C |
Norm. (1981 - 2010) |
-6.7°C | -5.3°C | -2.0°C | -0.4°C | 3.0°C | 6.4°C | 8.8°C | 8.7°C | 5.8°C | 1.3°C | -2.2°C | -5.3°C | -9.0°C |
Norm. (1971 - 2000) |
-7.0°C | -5.1°C | -2.4°C | -0.8°C | 2.4°C | 5.7°C | 7.7°C | 7.7°C | 5.1°C | 0.5°C | -3.0°C | -5.2°C | -9.5°C |
Norm. (1961 - 1990) |
-8.1°C | -5.3°C | -3.4°C | -1.1°C | 1.7°C | 5.2°C | 6.6°C | 6.7°C | 4.6°C | 0.4°C | -3.4°C | -6.9°C | -10.7°C |
Norm. (1931 - 1960) |
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Norm. (1901 - 1930) |
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Norm. (1871 - 1900) |
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Moy. (toutes les années) |
-6.9°C | -5.2°C | -2.7°C | -0.6°C | 2.2°C | 5.8°C | 7.8°C | 7.9°C | 5.2°C | 0.9°C | -2.4°C | -5.7°C | -9.5°C |